نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکده علوم قرآنی سبزوار، دانشگاه علوم و معارف قرآن کریم، قم، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The concept of "martyrdom" (Shahādah) is initially associated with being killed in the path of God. However, in a narration attributed to Imam Ali (pbuh) in Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh, the term "martyr" (Shahīd) has been applied to every believer, even one who dies in his bed. This research aims to examine the chain of transmission (Sanad) and textual indication (Dalālah) of the narration "Al-Muʾmin ʿalā Ayyi Ḥālin Māta... Fa-Huwa Shahīd" and to explain the semantic expansion of martyrdom in light of Verse 19 of Surah al-Ḥadīd, employing a descriptive-analytical method. The narration was extracted from early sources and its chain of transmission was examined using biographical evaluation books (al-Rijāl). Subsequently, a textual analysis was conducted using exegeses and narrations. The findings indicate that the chain of transmission reported by al-Ṣadūq is weak due to the presence of two unidentified narrators and one disputed narrator. However, the transmission of this theme in multiple sources with various expressions indicates its moral multiplicity, which compensates for the weakness of the chain of transmission. In the textual analysis, Verse 19 of Surah al-Ḥadīd was examined within six interpretive categories. The narration of al-Ṣadūq is fully consistent with four of these categories (annexation (Ilḥāq), testimony over deeds, identity, and equivalence). The conflict with the other two categories can be resolved through the theory of "annexation". Restrictive narrations dedicate the general martyrdom to the believer who is cognizant of the Imam, awaits the relief, possesses a jihadist intention (Nīyyat-e Jehādī), and loves the Ahl al-Bayt (pbut). The narration from Nahj al-Balāghah, along with the hadith "Iʿdād al-Sahm" (preparation of the arrow), identifies the basis of martyrdom as a sincere jihadist intention. The narration of al-Ṣadūq is acceptable within the framework of the semantic expansion of martyrdom based on the theory of "annexation" and with the aforementioned restrictions. Accordingly, death in bed, with the realization of these conditions, itself constitutes an instance of general martyrdom (Shahādah ʿĀmmah).
کلیدواژهها [English]
قرآن کریم
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