The Validity of the Methods of Tolerating (learning with difficulty) Ḥadīth in the Presence of Shaykh al-Ṣadūq [Case Study: Permission, Correspondence, and Finding (Arabic: وِجادة)]

  There have been various methods of receiving ḥadīth in the earlier period, which are called methods of tolerating (learning with difficulty, Arabic: تَحَمُّل الحدیث) ḥadīth. The method of tolerating (learning with difficulty) through the validity of the ḥadīth has been effective in the tradition of obtaining ḥadīth. Although permission, correspondence and finding (Arabic: وِجادة) as ways of tolerating ḥadīth have a lower validity than listening and reciting, but these methods have been used in the ḥadīth works of Shaykh al-Ṣadūq. This research has studied the application and validity of these three methods using descriptive-analytical method before Saduq to show his adherence in mentioning the methods and its effect on the validity of narrations. The results of this study show that permission in two absolute and conjugated (connected) types with other methods of tolerating the ḥadīth has a different degree of validity and only the validity of absolute permission is the subject of discussion. Al-Ṣadūq has resorted to the methods of absolute permission and correspondence due to lack of access to al-Shaykh or lack of time to listen to the ḥadīth. He has stipulated (clarified) through his unusual tolerating method with the word [we were informed, Arabic: أُخْبِرنا, Romanized: ukhbirnā] and other statements in most cases. He believed in the invalidity (the lack of credibility) of finding (Arabic: وِجادة) and has considered the finding valid only in the original version of the scripts (Arabic: التوقیع, Romanized: al-tawqī‘āt) with the Infallible's (al-Maʿṣūm) handwriting.